Focusing effect of acetylcholine on neuroplasticity in the human motor cortex.

نویسندگان

  • Min-Fang Kuo
  • Jan Grosch
  • Felipe Fregni
  • Walter Paulus
  • Michael A Nitsche
چکیده

Cholinergic neuromodulation is pivotal for arousal, attention, and cognitive processes. Loss or dysregulation of cholinergic inputs leads to cognitive impairments like those manifested in Alzheimer's disease. Such dysfunction can be at least partially restored by an increase of acetylcholine (ACh). In animal studies, ACh selectively facilitates long-term excitability changes induced by feed-forward afferent input. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that ACh enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of input processing. However, the neurophysiological foundation for its ability to enhance cognition in humans is not well documented. In this study we explore the effects of rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on global and synapse-specific forms of cortical plasticity induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and paired associative stimulation (PAS) on 10-12 healthy subjects, respectively. Rivastigmine essentially blocked the induction of the global excitability enhancement elicited by anodal tDCS and revealed a tendency to first reduce and then stabilize cathodal tDCS-induced inhibitory aftereffects. However, ACh enhanced the synapse-specific excitability enhancement produced by facilitatory PAS and consolidated the inhibitory PAS-induced excitability diminution. These findings are in line with a cholinergic focusing effect that optimizes the detection of relevant signals during information processing in humans.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

The Effect of Neuroplasticity of the Brain on the Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and the Effect of Injury this Ligament on Brain Function And Structure (Systematic Review)

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate neuroplasticity of the brain on the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury and the effect of injury this ligament on brain function and structure before ligament reconstruction, after ligament reconstruction, and after a period of rehabilitation exercises. Materials & Methods: Previous studies were conducted from PubMed, Scopus, Web of ...

متن کامل

Neuroplasticity and neuromotor synergies in context of rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review

Background: Alterations of neuroplasticity and cortical excitability are important pathophysiological factors in stroke. Modulation of the neuroplasticity has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of recovery in different neurological disorders. But it is not still clear how the CNS faces the complexity of muscle control. Neuroplastic processes may be used for the functional improvement of s...

متن کامل

Differential Cortical Oscillatory Patterns in Amputees with and Without Phantom Limb Pain

Objective: Phantom limb pain (PLP) as neuropathic pain affects the life of amputees. It is believed an efficient PLP treatment should consider the underlying neurological mechanisms. Hereby, we investigated brain activity in PLP’s and relations to the psychological and cognitive dimension of chronic pain. We investigate differences in resting brain activities between amputees with and without p...

متن کامل

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Neuroplasticity within the Motor Cortex following Stroke.

BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise is associated with enhanced plasticity in the motor cortex of healthy individuals, but the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity following a stroke is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare corticomotoneuronal excitability and neuroplasticity in the upper limb cortical representation following a single session of low intensity lower limb cy...

متن کامل

Neuroplasticity Changes on Human Motor Cortex Induced by Acupuncture Therapy: A Preliminary Study

While neuroplasticity changes measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation have been proved to be highly correlated to motor recovery and have been tested in various forms of interventions, it has not been applied to investigate the neurophysiologic mechanism of acupuncture therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate neuroplasticity changes induced by a single session of acupuncture thera...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

دوره 27 52  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2007